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Monkeypox is a skin disease that spreadsfrom animals to people and then people to people, the class of the monkeypox is zoonotic and its genus are othopoxvirus. There is no special treatment for monkeypox but the monkeypox and smallpox symptoms are almost similar, so the antiviral drug developed for prevent from smallpox virus may be used for monkeypox Infected person, the Prevention of monkeypox is just like COVID-19 proper hand wash, Smallpox vaccine, keep away from infected person, used PPE kits. In this paper Deep learning is use for detection of monkeypox with the help of CNN model, The Original Images contains a total number of 228 images, 102 belongs to the Monkeypox class and the remaining 126 represents the normal. But in deep learning greater amount of data required, data augmentation is also applied on it after this the total number of images are 3192. A variety of optimizers have been used to find out the best result in this paper, a comparison is usedbased on Loss, Accuracy, AUC, F1 score, Validation loss, Validation accuracy, validation AUC, Validation F1 score of each optimizer. after comparing alloptimizer, the Adam optimizer gives the best result its total testing accuracy is 92.21%, total number of epochs used for testing is 100. With the help of deep learning model Doctors are easily detect the monkeypox virus with the single image of infected person. © 2023 IEEE.
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Objectives: A LSR is a systematic review that is continually updated, incorporating new evidence as it becomes available. They are conducted in research areas where new evidence is constantly emerging on diagnostic methods, treatments, and outcomes. The objective of this study was to understand the current application of LSRs across research areas. Method(s): Embase, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched to identify LSRs. Only the most recent update of a LSR was included. Data regarding the indication, intervention, methods, frequency of updates, and funding were extracted. Result(s): Of the 1,243 records identified, 126 LSRs were included for analysis. The first LSR was published in 2015, with a significant increase in the number of LSRs published starting in 2020, coinciding with the COVID-19 pandemic. The most common indication represented by LSRs was COVID-19 (72%), followed by oncology (10%). Other indications with LSRs included chronic pain, traumatic brain injury, and skin disorders, among others. While most oncology LSRs identified interventional randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) (85%), only 54% of COVID-19 LSRs were restricted to interventional studies, including a combination of RCTS and real-world observational studies. Oncology LSRs included common cancers such as prostate, renal, or multiple myeloma. Of the reviews that reported update frequency, 28% planned monthly, 12% yearly, and 12% weekly updates. Only 46% of LSRs were registered. The majority of LSRs were funded by government or research organizations. Objectives of LSRs varied, with most stating the need to maintain up-to-date databases;however, several studies used LSRs to facilitate network meta-analysis or mixed treatment comparisons. Conclusion(s): While LSRs were introduced over five years ago, their frequency increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Apart from COVID-19, LSRs are commonly used in oncology settings. LSRs provide high-level, relevant, and up-to-date evidence, making them a useful tool for clinical and real-world research.Copyright © 2023
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Objectives: To evaluate products reviewed by the Transparency Committee (TC) of the Haute Authorite de Sante (HAS) under the Autorisation d'Acces Precoce (AAP) Early Access Authorization (EAA) pathway and investigate any trends. Method(s): All 97 AAP submissions are publicly available from HAS and were evaluated on or before January 4th, 2023. The TC's opinion was reviewed to obtain the outcome, decision date, therapeutic area, and reasons for rejection. Results were tabulated and descriptive statistics were compiled. Result(s): In total, 79 of the 97 (81%) submissions evaluated were approved for EAA, including renewals of previously granted authorization (6 of 79);18 were rejected. Of the 97 submissions, 35% were indicated for the treatment of solid cancers, 14% for haematological cancers, 10% for ultra-rare diseases, 10% for infectious diseases, 4% for rare diseases, 4% for autoimmune diseases, 4% for skin diseases, and 2% for weight management. Notable approved submissions including those indicated for rare diseases, cancer, autoimmune diseases, and COVID-19, with 93%, 90%, 75%, and 63% of these submissions being granted EAA, respectively. Across the 18 unsuccessful submissions, the main reasons cited for rejection were insufficient efficacy and safety data (78%), lack of innovation compared to existing treatment options (61%), the availability of existing treatment options (56%), and the treatment not being rare enough to qualify for special consideration (28%). Conclusion(s): Since its inception in July 2021, the AAP has proven to be a popular program. As awareness of the program grows and more information becomes available about its benefits and eligibility criteria, it is likely that the number of submissions will continue to increase. However, given the link between submission success and the quality of available data (including a data collection plan), it is recommended manufacturers provide robust evidence to bolster their submissions.Copyright © 2023
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Objectives: Examine the effect of COVID-19 on chronic wound care service provision for Medicare beneficiaries in 2019, 2020, and 2021. Method(s): This retrospective analysis of Medicare claims data included beneficiaries who received care for diabetic foot ulcers and infections, arterial ulcers;skin disorders and infections, surgical wounds and infections;traumatic wounds;venous ulcers and infections, unspecified chronic ulcers, and others. We extracted all claims for each targeted beneficiary across all care settings and from the Medicare Beneficiary Summary File for 2019 to 2021. The outcomes were: 1) prevalence of each wound type, 2) Medicare expenditures by wound type, and expenditures by type of service. Result(s): Over the 3-year period, the number of Medicare beneficiaries with a wound generally decreased in 2020, then increased in 2021 to a higher level than in 2019. In 2019, 16.4% of Medicare beneficiaries (10.6M) had at least one type of wound. In 2020, 14.9% of Medicare beneficiaries (9.8M) were diagnosed with wounds (a decrease of 7.1%), and in 2021, 16.1% of Medicare beneficiaries (10.8M) were diagnosed with wounds, an increase of 1.9% from 2019. In 2021, approximately 2.7% of beneficiaries had a claim with a wound diagnosis that had been added in FY2020, or 0.4% of all Medicare beneficiaries. The prevalence of COVID-19 among beneficiaries with chronic wounds was 896,198 (9.1%) in 2020, rising to 1.2M (11.1%) in 2021. Using our mid-range estimates of Medicare expenditures, wound care totaled $24.7B in 2019, $23.9B in 2020, and $26.3B in 2021. Conclusion(s): These results emphasize the ongoing prevalence of chronic wounds among Medicare beneficiaries and suggest the decrease in care during the pandemic contributed to a relative increase in care and expenditures in 2021. We found a shift in the site of care from skilled nursing facilities toward home health as individuals sought to avoid COVID-19 exposure.Copyright © 2023
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The proceedings contain 9 papers. The topics discussed include: dulaglutide and NAFLD risk reduction;correlation between plasmatic long pentraxin PTX3 and nodular thyroid disease: a preliminary report;the fructose-bisphosphate aldolase a act as autoantigen in primary autoimmune hypophysitis;cortisol deficiency in Lenvatinib treatment;side effects of mitotane treatment: a retrospective study in 35 patients with adrenocortical carcinoma in adjuvant therapy;non-functioning pituitary adenoma: do predictor factors exist?;incidence and features of adrenal crisis in a series of 133 patients with Addison's disease;serological evidence and self-reported outcomes in patients with adrenal insufficiency during the first waves of COVID-19 in the North-East Italy;and persistent effects of spironolactone after its withdrawal in patients with hyperandrogenic skin disorders.
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BACKGROUND: Data on the association between the development of autoimmune diseases and COVID-19 vaccination are limited. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the incidence and risk of autoimmune connective tissue disorders following mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccination. METHODS: This nationwide population-based study was conducted in South Korea. Individuals who received vaccination between September 8, 2020-December 31, 2021, were identified. Historical prepandemic controls were matched for age and sex in 1:1 ratio. The incidence rate and risk of disease outcomes were compared. RESULTS: A total of 3,838,120 vaccinated individuals and 3,834,804 controls without evidence of COVID-19 were included. The risk of alopecia areata, alopecia totalis, primary cicatricial alopecia, psoriasis, vitiligo, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis, sarcoidosis, Behcet disease, Crohn disease, ulcerative colitis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, Sjogren syndrome, ankylosing spondylitis, dermato/polymyositis, and bullous pemphigoid was not significantly higher in vaccinated individuals than in controls. The risk was comparable according to age, sex, type of mRNA-based vaccine, and cross-vaccination status. LIMITATIONS: Possible selection bias and residual confounders. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that most autoimmune connective tissue disorders are not associated with a significant increase in risk. However, caution is necessary when interpreting results for rare outcomes due to limited statistical power.
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Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a transboundary disease affecting cattle and has a detrimental effect on the cattle industries in numerous countries in Africa, Europe and Asia. In 2021, LSD outbreaks have been reported in almost all of Thailand's provinces. Indeed, fitting LSD occurrences using mathematical models provide important knowledge in the realm of animal disease modeling. Thus, the objective of this study is to fit the pattern of daily new LSD cases and daily cumulative LSD cases in Thailand using mathematical models. The first- and second-order models in the forms of Lorentzian, Gaussian and Pearson-type VII models are used to fit daily new LSD cases whereas Richard's growth, Boltzmann sigmoidal and Power-law growth models are utilized to fit the curve of cumulative LSD cases. Based on the root-mean-squared error (RMSE) and Akaike information criterion (AIC), results showed that both first and second orders of Pearson-type VII models and Richard's growth model (RGM) were fit to the data better than other models used in the present study. The obtained models and their parameters can be utilized to describe the LSD outbreak in Thailand. For disease preparedness purposes, we can use the first order of the Pearson-type VII model to estimate the time of maximum infected cases occurring when the growth rate of infected cases starts to slow down. Furthermore, the period when the growth rate changes at a slower rate, known as the inflection time, obtained from RGM allows us to anticipate when the pandemic has peaked and the situation has stabilized. This is the first study that utilizes mathematical methods to fit the LSD epidemics in Thailand. This study offers decision-makers and authorities with valuable information for establishing an effective disease control strategy.
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The 2019 novel coronavirus infection has brought big challenges to prevention and control of the national epidemic in China. During the fight against the epidemic, how to properly carry out pre-examination and triage for patients with skin lesions and fever has been a practical problem encountered in dermatology hospitals of all grades and in general hospitals with a large number of dermatological outpatient visits. The Chinese Society of Dermatology organized experts to formulate the principles and procedures for pre-examination and triage in outpatient departments of dermatology at the stage of prevention and control of the 2019 novel coronavirus infection epidemic, so as to guide the current fight against the epidemic.Copyright © 2020 by the Chinese Medical Association.
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Health professions preventing and controlling coronavirus disease 2019 are prone to skin and mucous membrane injuries, which may cause acute and chronic dermatitis, secondary infections and aggravation of underlying skin diseases. This is a consensus of Chinese experts on measures and advice on hand cleaning- and medical glove-related hand protection, mask-and goggles-related face protection, ultraviolet-related protection, as well as eye, nasal and oral mucosa, outer ear and hair protection. It is necessary to strictly follow standards on wearing protective equipment and specifications on sterilizing and cleaning. Both insufficient and excessive protection will adversely affect the skin and mucous membrane barrier. At the same time, using moisturizing products is highly recommended to achieve better protection.Copyright © 2020 by the Chinese Medical Association.
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Introduction: The crucial role of infection control measures has been emphasized in controlling the spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). More rigorous hand hygiene and face mask practices have led to increased reports of skin problems of the hand and face. A retrospective survey was conducted to investigate the incidence and severity of occupational skin disease in healthcare workers (HCWs). Method(s): An electronic survey was circulated to HCWs working in two London hospital sites between January 2021 to May 2021. Demographics, details on hand washing, alcohol gel, emollient and face mask use was recorded alongside details of skin disease. Result(s): 75 responses were recorded from doctors (57%), nurses (20%), healthcare students (12%), therapists (7%) and students (4%). 19 people (25%) washed their hands more than 30 times a day, 37 (49%) people 10-30 times, and 12 people (16%) washed between 5-10. Similar results were found for alcohol gel use. 34 (47%) did not apply emollient once during a shift. Common hand symptoms included dryness (89%, n=67) and erythema (65%, n= 49). 73 (97%) HCWs wore face masks more than 4 hours/day, with common facial symptoms being acneiform lesions (71%, n=43) and erythema (62%, n=37). 61 participants were unsure who to contact regarding occupational skin disease. Discussion and conclusion: Our results illustrate high levels of occupational skin disease in HCWs, including symptoms of xerosis and dermatitis. Campaigns to improve knowledge and adherence regarding emollient application may help to substantially minimize the prevalence of occupational skin disease among HCWsCopyright © 2023
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Objective: Adverse drug reactions increase morbidity and mortality, prolong hospital stay and increase healthcare costs. The primary objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of emergency department visits for adverse drug reactions and to describe their characteristics. The secondary objective was to determine the predictor variables of hospitalization for adverse drug reactions associated with emergency department visits. Method(s): Observational and retrospective study of adverse drug reactions registered in an emergency department, carried out from November 15th to December 15th, 2021. The demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients, the drugs involved and the adverse drug reactions were described. Logistic regression was performed to identify factors related to hospitalization for adverse drug reactions. Result(s): 10,799 patients visited the emergency department and 216 (2%) patients with adverse drug reactions were included. The mean age was 70 +/- 17.5 (18-98) years and 47.7% of the patients were male. A total of 54.6% of patients required hospitalization and 1.6% died from adverse drug reactions. The total number of drugs involved was 315 with 149 different drugs. The pharmacological group corresponding to the nervous system constituted the most representative group (n = 81). High-risk medications, such as antithrombotic agents (n = 53), were the subgroup of medications that caused the most emergency department visits and hospitalization. Acenocumarol (n = 20) was the main drug involved. Gastrointestinal (n = 62) disorders were the most common. Diarrhea (n = 16) was the most frequent adverse drug reaction, while gastrointestinal bleeding (n = 13) caused the highest number of hospitalizations. Charlson comorbidity index behaved as an independent risk factor for hospitalization (aOR 3.24, 95% CI: 1.47-7.13, p = 0.003, in Charlson comorbidity index 4-6;and aOR 20.07, 95% CI: 6.87-58.64, p = 0.000, in Charlson comorbidity index >= 10). Conclusion(s): The prevalence of emergency department visits for adverse drug reactions continues to be a non-negligible health problem. High-risk drugs such as antithrombotic agents were the main therapeutic subgroup involved. Charlson comorbidity index was an independent factor in hospitalization, while gastrointestinal bleeding was the adverse drug reaction with the highest number of hospital admissions.Copyright © 2022 Sociedad Espanola de Farmacia Hospitalaria (S.E.F.H)
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Background: The use of antimicrobials has been expanded during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to assess the knowledge and practices of disinfectants and sanitizers use among Jordanian people during the (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: A web-based cross-sectional descriptive questionnaire was distributed across Jordan between August and September 2020. The questionnaire consisted of three sections inquiring about demographics and general characteristics of the surveyed sample, evaluating the respondents' knowledge about disinfectants, as well as respondents' practices. The questionnaire was completed by 403 literate adult respondents. Results: Our results indicate that Jordanian adults have used disinfectants increasingly during the COVID-19 outbreak. Knowledge of our study sample was considerably affected by gender (p=0.044), income (p=0.001), and profession (p<0.001). 80.8% of those participants reported skin-related side effects due to disinfectant use during the pandemic. The most used disinfectants were ethanol, followed by soap and water. Generally, study respondents showed positive practices toward the use of disinfectants during the time of the pandemic with few high-risk practices reported. Interestingly, the positive practices applied by Jordanian adults were minimally and not significantly affected by the knowledge about antimicrobials' safe and effective use. Conclusions: There is an urgent need for a structured effort to increase public awareness regarding the safe and effective use of disinfectants against SARS-CoV-2 transmission. © 2023 DSR Publishers/The University of Jordan.
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Case report In May 2021, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) approved the administration of the mRNA BNT162b2 vaccine (Pfizer/BioNTech) in adolescents aged 12-15 years, in the form of a two-doses-primary course three weeks apart, with a booster dose after five months. Few adverse events have been observed in vaccinated children -mainly fever, myalgia, or local edema at the injection site. Conversely, delayed cutaneous reactions are little reported in adults and even rarer in pediatric age. A 12-year-old boy, with no previous cutaneous or autoimmune diseases nor allergic reactions to previous vaccines or drugs, came to our attention because of a cutaneous rash, which started on his right arm two days after his first dose of Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine. The rash was flat, erythematous, and purpuric, with subsequent bruise appearance and spontaneous resolution. Lesions took over on the front side of his arms and shoulders until a month after the vaccine. Urine and blood tests -including blood cell count, flow cytometry, plasma biochemistry, inflammatory index, autoantibodies, coagulation, and platelets aggregation test -did not show significant alterations. Grass pollen monosensitization was detected. Biopsy of the lesions showed 'modest perivascular lymphohistiocytic infiltrate and focal infiltration of vascular walls with swollen endothelium' with 'occasional eosinophils, scattered neutrophil granulocytes, and erythrocytes in interstitial areas,' compatible with leukocytoclastic vasculitis. Epidermidis was undamaged, and the direct immunofluorescence showed fibrinogen deposits in superficial-to-middle dermis vessels. Further tests highlighted a high immune response to the vaccine without previous Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. No therapies were needed, and the boy experienced no other side effects undergoing his second dose. Few leukocytoclastic vasculitis cases after SARS-CoV-2-vaccination have been reported in adults, primarily flares of previously known vasculitis. A role for induced spike glycoprotein as a pseudovirion docking to specific vascular receptors has been suggested, too. To our knowledge, no similar cases were described currently, neither in such young patients nor with such atypical, focal lesions. Further studies are needed to identify the pathogenesis and possibly prevent the onset of this adverse reaction.
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Background: Since the outbreak of COVID-19, vaccination has been considered as an important measure against it. Side effects have always been an inseparable component of vaccination, which in this study, Sinopharm vaccine, its side effects and the differences of their manifestation amongst men and women have been investigated. Objective(s): This study aimed to compare the side effects of the Sinopharm vaccine among men and women working in some medical centers in Tehran, Iran. Method(s): This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study on 890 healthcare workers of 7 medical centers in Tehran within 2 months, from late June to late August 2021. The samples were selected by the complete enumeration method, and the required data were collected using a questionnaire. Only those who received the Sinopharm vaccine at least 10 days before the study were included. Result(s): Of 890 participants, 22.96% and 77.30% were women and men, respectively, and 65.8% of women and 78.1% of men were in the age range of 20-29 years. It was revealed that 74.75% of women and 26.16% of men had at least one side effect. The incidence of at least one side effect was significantly higher in women than in men (P<0.001). It was also found that 12 side effects were significantly higher in women than in men. Most men and women had side effects within the first 24 h after vaccination. There was no significant difference in taking therapeutic measures to reduce or minimize the post-vaccination complications between men and women;however, 9.4% of men and 27.2% of women reported a decline in their ability to perform daily activities as they were unable to do their everyday tasks the day after vaccination which was significantly different between the two groups (P<0.001). Conclusion(s): The results showed that the occurrence rate of side effects after receiving the Sinopharm vaccine was significantly higher in women than in men. Moreover, women were significantly less able to perform daily routines than men.Copyright © 2022, Author(s).
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Silymarin, is a phytoactive constituent isolated from the fruits and seeds of Silybum maria-num L Gaetn.), also called milk thistle belonging to the family of Asteracease. The phytoactive has been used to treat several physiological disorders. The objective of this manuscript was to review the therapeutic prospective of silymarin due to its ability to treat several physiological disorders. The da-tabases such as Pubmed, Elsevier, and Google Scholar were reviewed for the investigations or reviews published related to the title. The discussion is focused on the immunomodulatory, chemopreventive, and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of silymarin in various metabolic and dermatological disorders. In addition, the review discusses the different therapeutic potentials of silymarin such as the management of the liver disorder, skin carcinogenesis, cardiovascular disorders, diabetes mellitus, neurodegenera-tive disorders, and several dermatological disorders such as melasma, anti-aging, acne, rosacea, atopic dermatitis, and psoriasis. Silymarin is safe even with a dose higher than the therapeutic dose. Si-lymarin had good potential for the safe and effective treatment of numerous metabolic and dermatological disorders. © 2023 Bentham Science Publishers.
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Case report Introduction: In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, occupational contact dermatitis related to the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) has become increasingly prevalent. While most cases are irritant in nature, allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) remains an important cause of occupational dermatitis. We report a case of ACD to rubber accelerators in the elastic bands of an N95 mask. Informed consent was obtained from the patient for this report. Case Report: A 27-year-old healthcare worker presented with a progressive pruritic eruption over her face and neck, 1 week after she began wearing N95 masks at work. She had only worn disposable surgical masks. She had no medical history apart from hand dermatitis, which was well controlled with topical medications. Examination revealed linear eczematous plaques along her lateral cheeks and posterior neck, corresponding to contact areas between the mask bands and her skin. Patch tests revealed a positive reaction to several rubber accelerators, including Thimerosal, 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT), and Methylisothiazolinone. We performed another patch test to several N95 mask straps, to which the patient developed an eczematous reaction to the elastic bands of 2 N95 mask types with elastic bands. Clarification with the manufacturer confirmed the use of rubber accelerators similar in properties to MBT in the production of these masks. A diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis to rubber accelerator was made. The patient's dermatitis resolved with topical corticosteroids and the avoidance of N95 masks with elastic bands. Discussion and Conclusion(s): The use of facial PPE such as masks is a recognised cause of occupational dermatitis among healthcare workers. A variety of dermatoses are associated with the use of facial PPE, with contact dermatitis being the most common. However, while the majority of contact dermatitis are irritant in nature, ACD remains an important and preventable cause of occupational dermatitis. Commonly implicated allergens associated with mask use include preservatives and adhesives used in their production, as well as metals in the nose clip. Although less common, mask elastic bands have also been reported to be a potential source of ACD, with rubber accelerators being identified as potential allergens. However, there is often a lack of declaration of such chemicals used in the production of PPE. Given the need for continued use in the occupational setting, early identification and avoidance of allergens are key. Failure to do so may result in the progression of skin lesions, ultimately affecting the patients' quality of life and work performance. With the ubiquitous use of masks in the current climate, we wish to highlight the need for greater awareness of rubber accelerators as potential allergens, and their presence in the elastic bands of frequently used PPE.
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Introduction: COVID-19 infection is a disease caused by the type 2 coronavirus that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) that affects the respiratory mucosa and all those organs that present the type 2 angiotensin receptor (ACE2), within them the skin. Several authors have mentioned the importance of reporting and carrying out databases on skin lesions caused by this virus, since it is related to the detection, severity and prognosis of the systemic condition. Material(s) and Method(s): A retrospective cross-sectional observational study was carried out on the cases of patients who presented dermatological manifestations due to COVID-19, registered in the physical database of the National Specialized Hospital of Villa Nueva, Guatemala, from January 1st to December 31, 2021. Result(s): A total of 144 patients presented dermatological manifestations due to COVID-19, which were: acral lesions (42%), rash (21%), subcutaneous emphysema (12%), oral mucosal lesions (7%), necrosis (6%), erythema multiforme (5%), telogen effluvium (2%), vesicular lesions (2%), urticaria (1%), pityriasis rosea Gibert (1%) and livedo-type lesion (1%). A statistically significant association (p = 0,00) was found in patients who presented dermatological manifestations with vasculonecrotic damage as they were more likely to suffer from severe to critical disease (OR 2,91;95% CI 1063-3083). Conclusion(s): Early identification of cutaneous semiology is essential for timely management of complications associated with COVID-19 disease.Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Espana, S.L.U.
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Background: The sudden COVID-19 has changed people's living habits, and skin diseases closely related to lifestyle have also changed quietly. We aimed to analyze the changing of pediatric dermatological disorders spectrum before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Method(s): This retrospective study encompasses consecutive patients attending a number of dermatological outpatient clinics in National Center for Children's Health from 1 January 2019 and 31 December 2021. The information about the season, age, number, disease type and origin of the patients was filled in for all the patients. The diseases were sub-classified on etiological basis. Result(s): The total number of patients was 449032, including 323142 newly diagnosed patients, with a male/female ratio of 1.15:1. The patients were mainly school-age children. 91.3% of the patients suffered from a single skin disease. During the epidemic of COVID-19-epidemic, Atopic Dermatitis (AD )and other types of dermatitis constituted the main diseases, followed by infectious skin diseases, urticaria, erythema and drug responsive skin diseases, and finally parasites and bite responsive skin diseases. The top three skin diseases ranked in descending order of incidence from 2019 to 2021 were the same, followed by AD, urticaria and papular urticaria. During the epidemic period, the proportion of patients with molluscum contagiosum, verruca vulgaris and vitiligo increased. Because of wearing masks, the proportion of infectious skin diseases transmitted by respiratory tract has decreased significantly. In addition, pediatric telemedicine can be used to increase timely access and improve practical efficiency during the epidemic. Conclusion(s): The pediatric dermatological disorders spectrum has changed during the epidemic of COVID-19. AD is the most common skin disease, and the proportion of infectious skin diseases has decreased significantly. During the epidemic, pediatric internet medical services were fully used to promote the sustainable development of children's skin health.Copyright © 2023
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Nanotechnology is a new and rapidly evolving subject in the pharmacological and therapeutic professions. Nanoparticles have many advantages as medication delivery systems, including increased efficacy and fewer adverse drug reactions. This study investigated the roles of nanomedicine and drug delivery systems in the pharmaceutical industry, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of nanotechnology. The study used a qualitative research technique, with online survey questionnaires sent to medical professionals and experts in the field of nanomedicine. These surveys comprised open-ended questions that enabled respondents to record their responses in whatever way they deemed fit. The ten respondents were from a variety of medical and health institutes, as well as medical consulting firms. In terms of results, the research established that nanomedicine had been used in medical care for therapy and diagnostic purposes. They are being explored in clinical trials for several reasons. Nanoparticles are used to treat renal disease, Tuberculosis, skin problems, Alzheimer's disease, and various types of cancer and to create COVID-19 vaccines. Further information about the study findings may be found in the results and discussion chapter.Copyright © 2022 Dr. Yashwant Research Labs Pvt. Ltd.. All rights reserved.